{"id":558,"date":"2025-04-05T18:13:02","date_gmt":"2025-04-05T15:13:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oraclius.com.tr\/?p=558"},"modified":"2025-04-05T21:43:13","modified_gmt":"2025-04-05T18:43:13","slug":"oracle-databasete-hugepages-ayarlama-ve-kaldirma-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oraclius.com.tr\/tr\/oracle-databasete-hugepages-ayarlama-ve-kaldirma-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"Oracle Database i\u00e7in HugePages Ayarlar\u0131: Performans Art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Bellek Y\u00f6netimi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Oracle Database, bellek y\u00f6netimini optimize etmek i\u00e7in Linux sistemlerde HugePages<\/strong> kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 destekler. HugePages, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck veritaban\u0131 sistemlerinde bellek par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler ve performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Ancak her sistemde gerekli olmayabilir. Bu yaz\u0131da HugePages’in nas\u0131l etkinle\u015ftirilece\u011fini ve gerekti\u011finde nas\u0131l kald\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlataca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. HugePages Nedir?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

HugePages, Linux \u00e7ekirde\u011finin normalden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bellek sayfalar\u0131 ay\u0131rmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r. Normalde sayfa boyutu 4KB iken, HugePages ile bu boyut 2MB veya 1GB olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

2. Oracle Database Kurulmadan \u00d6nce HugePages Ayarlanmas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bu y\u00f6ntem, veritaban\u0131 kurulumundan \u00f6nce HugePages\u2019i haz\u0131r hale getirerek Oracle\u2019\u0131n ba\u015ftan bu yap\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.1. NUMA’y\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak (iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00f6nerilir)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

E\u011fer sunucunda NUMA<\/strong> destekliyse, Oracle i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen y\u00f6ntem NUMA\u2019y\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmakt\u0131r. Oracle Database Preinstallation RPM<\/mark> kuruldu\u011funda Linux x86_64 ve Linux aarch64 makineleri i\u00e7in \u00e7ekirdekte numa=off de\u011ferini ayarlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunu GRUB yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131nda yapabilirsin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

vi \/etc\/default\/grub<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
GRUB_TIMEOUT=5\nGRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=\"$(sed 's, release .*$,,g' \/etc\/system-release)\"\nGRUB_DEFAULT=saved\nGRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=true\nGRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT=\"console\"\nGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=\"crashkernel=auto resume=\/dev\/mapper\/ol-swap rd.lvm.lv=ol\/root rd.lvm.lv=ol\/swap rhgb quiet numa=off<\/mark> transparent_hugepage=never\"\nGRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY=\"true\"\nGRUB_ENABLE_BLSCFG=true<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Oracle Database Preinstallation RPM<\/mark> kurulu de\u011filse veya herhangi bir nedenden dolay\u0131 NUMA aktif ise GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX<\/mark><\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131na \u015fu ifadeyi ekle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
numa=off<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kaydettikten sonra GRUB\u2019u yeniden olu\u015ftur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo grub2-mkconfig -o \/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.2. Bellek Miktar\u0131na G\u00f6re HugePages Hesaplama<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
SGA i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lacak<\/em> bellek miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyin. Sunucuda 64 GB bellek oldu\u011funu varsayarak hesaplayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130lk olarak, sistemdeki toplam fiziksel belle\u011fi kontrol ediyoruz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# grep MemTotal \/proc\/meminfo\nMemTotal:        67108864 kB<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Oracle i\u00e7in SGA’n\u0131n, sistem belle\u011finin yakla\u015f\u0131k %90’\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 istiyoruz (ihtiyaca g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
%90 x 67108864 kB = 60397977 kB \u2248 57,5 GB<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Geri kalan 6,5 GB sistem ve PGA i\u00e7in ayr\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sisteminizdeki HugePage boyutunu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# cat \/proc\/meminfo | grep Hugepagesize
Hugepagesize:       2048 kB<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Bu durumda her bir HugePage 2 MB boyutundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hedef belle\u011fi (3343604 kB) HugePage boyutuna (2048 kB) b\u00f6lelim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
60397977 \/ 2048 = 29490<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Bu durumda 29.490 adet HugePage ay\u0131rmam\u0131z gerekiyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/mark><\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n sonuna ekleyin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
vm.nr_hugepages = 29490<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri etkinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# sudo sysctl -p<\/mark>\n...\nvm.nr_hugepages = 29490<\/mark>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
oracle<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na belle\u011fi kilitleme izni vermek i\u00e7in \/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/mark><\/code> dosyas\u0131na \u015fu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
oracle  soft   memlock   60397977\noracle  hard   memlock   60397977<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ayr\u0131ca \/etc\/pam.d\/login<\/mark><\/code> dosyas\u0131nda \u015fu sat\u0131r\u0131n bulundu\u011fundan emin olun:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
session required pam_limits.so<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Oracle, RAC ortamlar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm yeniden ba\u015flatmalar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilecek bellek eri\u015fim gecikmelerini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in Transparent HugePages\u2019in devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerir. Oracle Database Preinstallation RPM<\/mark> kurulumunda Transparent HugePages’i never olarak ayarlar. Ayarlanmam\u0131\u015f ise devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmal\u0131y\u0131z:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
echo never | sudo tee \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/transparent_hugepage\/enabled<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Bu ayar\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 yapmak i\u00e7in \/etc\/rc.d\/rc.local<\/mark><\/code> dosyas\u0131na (yoksa olu\u015fturabilirsiniz) a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
if test -f \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/transparent_hugepage\/enabled; then\n   echo never > \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/transparent_hugepage\/enabled\nfi<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Dosyay\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir yap\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
chmod +x \/etc\/rc.d\/rc.local<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 uygulad\u0131ktan sonra sistemi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n. Yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra HugePages durumunu kontrol edin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# grep Huge \/proc\/meminfo\nAnonHugePages:         0 kB\nShmemHugePages:        0 kB\nFileHugePages:         0 kB\nHugePages_Total:    29490<\/mark>\nHugePages_Free:     29490\nHugePages_Rsvd:        0\nHugePages_Surp:        0\nHugepagesize:       2048 kB\nHugetlb:         3344384 kB<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2.3. Oracle Parametresi (Kurulum sonras\u0131)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Oracle veritaban\u0131n\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra, sadece HugePages kullan\u0131ls\u0131n isterseniz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki parametreyi ayarlayabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALTER SYSTEM SET USE_LARGE_PAGES = ONLY SCOPE=SPFILE;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Oracle kurulumundan sonra veritaban\u0131n\u0131 yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shutdown immediate;\nstartup;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
3. Oracle Database Kurulu \u0130ken HugePages Ayarlanmas\u0131 (64 GB Bellek)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
3.1. \u00d6n Ko\u015ful: AMM Devre D\u0131\u015f\u0131 Olmal\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER memory_target;\n\nNAME\t\t\t\t     TYPE\t VALUE\n------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------\nmemory_target\t\t\t     big integer 1280M<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
SQL> sho parameter memory_max_target \n\nNAME\t\t\t\t     TYPE\t VALUE\n------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------\nmemory_max_target\t\t     big integer 1280M<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer memory_target<\/code> <\/mark>veya memory_max_target<\/code> <\/mark>> 0 ise, s\u0131f\u0131rla:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALTER SYSTEM SET memory_target = 0 SCOPE=SPFILE;\nALTER SYSTEM SET memory_max_target = 0 SCOPE=SPFILE;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Sonra SGA ve PGA’y\u0131 ayarla:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALTER SYSTEM SET sga_target = 60G SCOPE=SPFILE;\nALTER SYSTEM SET pga_aggregate_target = 4G SCOPE=SPFILE;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3.2. HugePages Hesaplama Arac\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Doc ID 401749.1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd $ORACLE_HOME\/bin\nvi .\/hugepages_settings.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Script:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
#!\/bin\/bash\n#\n# hugepages_settings.sh\n#\n# Linux bash script to compute values for the\n# recommended HugePages\/HugeTLB configuration\n# on Oracle Linux\n#\n# Note: This script does calculation for all shared memory\n# segments available when the script is run, no matter it\n# is an Oracle RDBMS shared memory segment or not.\n#\n# This script is provided by Doc ID 401749.1 from My Oracle Support\n# http:\/\/support.oracle.com\n\n# Welcome text\necho \"\nThis script is provided by Doc ID 401749.1 from My Oracle Support\n(http:\/\/support.oracle.com) where it is intended to compute values for\nthe recommended HugePages\/HugeTLB configuration for the current shared\nmemory segments on Oracle Linux. Before proceeding with the execution please note following:\n * For ASM instance, it needs to configure ASMM instead of AMM.\n * The 'pga_aggregate_target' is outside the SGA and\n   you should accommodate this while calculating the overall size.\n * In case you changes the DB SGA size,\n   as the new SGA will not fit in the previous HugePages configuration,\n   it had better disable the whole HugePages,\n   start the DB with new SGA size and run the script again.\nAnd make sure that:\n * Oracle Database instance(s) are up and running\n * Oracle Database Automatic Memory Management (AMM) is not setup\n   (See Doc ID 749851.1)\n * The shared memory segments can be listed by command:\n     # ipcs -m\n\n\nPress Enter to proceed...\"\n\nread\n\n# Check for the kernel version\nKERN=`uname -r | awk -F. '{ printf(\"%d.%d\\n\",$1,$2); }'`\n\n# Find out the HugePage size\nHPG_SZ=`grep Hugepagesize \/proc\/meminfo | awk '{print $2}'`\nif [ -z \"$HPG_SZ\" ];then\n    echo \"The hugepages may not be supported in the system where the script is being executed.\"\n    exit 1\nfi\n\n# Initialize the counter\nNUM_PG=0\n\n# Cumulative number of pages required to handle the running shared memory segments\nfor SEG_BYTES in `ipcs -m | cut -c44-300 | awk '{print $1}' | grep \"[0-9][0-9]*\"`\ndo\n    MIN_PG=`echo \"$SEG_BYTES\/($HPG_SZ*1024)\" | bc -q`\n    if [ $MIN_PG -gt 0 ]; then\n        NUM_PG=`echo \"$NUM_PG+$MIN_PG+1\" | bc -q`\n    fi\ndone\n\nRES_BYTES=`echo \"$NUM_PG * $HPG_SZ * 1024\" | bc -q`\n\n# An SGA less than 100MB does not make sense\n# Bail out if that is the case\nif [ $RES_BYTES -lt 100000000 ]; then\n    echo \"***********\"\n    echo \"** ERROR **\"\n    echo \"***********\"\n    echo \"Sorry! There are not enough total of shared memory segments allocated for\nHugePages configuration. HugePages can only be used for shared memory segments\nthat you can list by command:\n\n    # ipcs -m\n\nof a size that can match an Oracle Database SGA. Please make sure that:\n * Oracle Database instance is up and running\n * Oracle Database Automatic Memory Management (AMM) is not configured\"\n    exit 1\nfi\n\n# Finish with results\n    echo \"Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG\";\n\n# End<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
chmod +x .\/hugepages_settings.sh<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
.\/hugepages_settings.sh <\/mark>\n\nThis script is provided by Doc ID 401749.1 from My Oracle Support\n(http:\/\/support.oracle.com) where it is intended to compute values for\nthe recommended HugePages\/HugeTLB configuration for the current shared\nmemory segments on Oracle Linux. Before proceeding with the execution please note following:\n * For ASM instance, it needs to configure ASMM instead of AMM.\n * The 'pga_aggregate_target' is outside the SGA and\n   you should accommodate this while calculating the overall size.\n * In case you changes the DB SGA size,\n   as the new SGA will not fit in the previous HugePages configuration,\n   it had better disable the whole HugePages,\n   start the DB with new SGA size and run the script again.\nAnd make sure that:\n * Oracle Database instance(s) are up and running\n * Oracle Database Automatic Memory Management (AMM) is not setup\n   (See Doc ID 749851.1)\n * The shared memory segments can be listed by command:\n     # ipcs -m\n\n\nPress Enter to proceed...\n\nRecommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = 29490<\/mark><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131ya g\u00f6re \u00f6rne\u011fin yine 29490<\/mark> \u00f6nerildiyse, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 uygulayabilirsin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/mark><\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n sonuna ekleyin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
vm.nr_hugepages = 29490<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri etkinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
# sudo sysctl -p<\/mark>\n...\nvm.nr_hugepages = 29490<\/mark><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
oracle<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na belle\u011fi kilitleme izni vermek i\u00e7in \/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/mark><\/code> dosyas\u0131na \u015fu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
oracle  soft   memlock   60397977\noracle  hard   memlock   60397977<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
HugePages kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki parametre ayarlanmas\u0131 gerekir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ALTER SYSTEM SET use_large_pages = 'ONLY' SCOPE=SPFILE;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Oracle\u2019\u0131 Yeniden Ba\u015flat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shutdown immediate;\nstartup;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n
3. HugePages\u2019i Kald\u0131rma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
E\u011fer HugePages devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmak istenirse:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3.1. Oracle Parametresini Kapat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
ALTER SYSTEM SET use_large_pages = 'FALSE' SCOPE=SPFILE;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3.2. \/etc\/sysctl.conf<\/code> G\u00fcncelle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
vm.nr_hugepages = 0<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo sysctl -p<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3.3. limits.conf \u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 Temizleme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\/etc\/security\/limits.conf<\/mark><\/code> dosyas\u0131na \u015fu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 silinebilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
oracle  soft   memlock   60397977
oracle  hard   memlock   60397977<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
3.4. Oracle\u2019\u0131 Yeniden Ba\u015flat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
shutdown immediate;\nstartup;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Oracle Database, bellek y\u00f6netimini optimize etmek i\u00e7in Linux sistemlerde HugePages kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 destekler. HugePages, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck veritaban\u0131 sistemlerinde bellek par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler ve performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Ancak her sistemde gerekli olmayabilir. Bu yaz\u0131da HugePages’in nas\u0131l etkinle\u015ftirilece\u011fini ve gerekti\u011finde nas\u0131l kald\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlataca\u011f\u0131m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":559,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[43],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-558","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel-en"],"yoast_head":"\nOracle Database i\u00e7in HugePages Ayarlar\u0131: Performans Art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Bellek Y\u00f6netimi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Oracle Database, bellek y\u00f6netimini optimize etmek i\u00e7in Linux sistemlerde HugePages kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 destekler. HugePages, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck veritaban\u0131 sistemlerinde bellek par\u00e7alanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler ve performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Ancak her sistemde gerekli olmayabilir. Bu yaz\u0131da HugePages'in nas\u0131l etkinle\u015ftirilece\u011fini ve gerekti\u011finde nas\u0131l kald\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlataca\u011f\u0131m.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oraclius.com.tr\/tr\/oracle-databasete-hugepages-ayarlama-ve-kaldirma-rehberi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oracle Database i\u00e7in HugePages Ayarlar\u0131: Performans Art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve Bellek Y\u00f6netimi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Oracle Database, bellek y\u00f6netimini optimize etmek i\u00e7in Linux sistemlerde HugePages kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 destekler. 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